The Root Rot Task Force
Root rot complex has become the leading production risk to pea and lentil acres in western Canada. It consists of Fusarium spp., Pythium, Rhizoctonia, and the pathogen of most concern, Aphanomyces euteiches. Aphanomyces euteiches was identified in Alberta and Saskatchewan in early 2010. Since its identification, root rot complex and Aphanomyces euteiches have caused a rapid reduction in pea and lentil acres, and growers have been forced to rethink their production strategies.
In 2021, Canada’s provincial pulse grower associations developed a National Pulse Research Strategy to identify priorities and coordinate pulse research nationwide. Controlling root rots in pea and lentil, particularly Aphanomyces and Fusarium spp., was identified as a top priority.
In 2022 the Root Rot Task Force (RRTF) was established, consisting of the three prairie pulse crop commissions, Saskatchewan Pulse Growers (SPG), Alberta Pulse Growers (APG), and Manitoba Pulse and Soybean Growers (MPSG), to coordinate provincial efforts to maintain profitable and sustainable pea and lentil production and eliminate the risk of Aphanomyces eutieches and root rot complex. Since these three organizations are producer-led and farmers are at the forefront, their voices have become a priority.
The first initiative of the RRTF was to bring together researchers, agronomists, and industry from across Canada through participation in the first Root Rot Rodeo event. From this event, the Pulse Root Rot Network (PRRN) was established as a collaborative approach to root rot research and management focused on agronomy, breeding, and pathology in peas and lentils. Since the root rot rodeo, the RRTF has developed a strategic action plan to address root rots with a mission to eradicate the risk of root rots through a coordinated, collaborative effort across the pulse industry.
RRTF Strategy
Eradicate Root Rot in Peas & Lentils
Research
Root rot mitigation tools and practices are developed through coordinated and targeted research.
Agronomy
Research Goal
Provide growers with recommendations and tools for effective on-farm root rot risk management and assessment.
Desired Outcomes
- Infection risk prediction tools and resources are accurate and consistent (soil tests, maps).
- Testing of product effectiveness and agronomic practice continues.
- Understand the impacts of agronomic management on root rot complex, including crop rotation, crop sequencing, plant health, and fertility.
- Drive development and adoption of best agronomic management practices.
Short-term Actions
- Provide management recommendations on rotations, crop sequence, seed timing, fungicide and other biocontrols, herbicide choice, water management, crop nutrition, soil testing, etc.
- Provide growers with the latest prevention and management information. Provide grower recommendations to remove Fusarium-susceptible varieties from rotations.
- Obtain low, medium, and high spore results to establish infection risk thresholds.
- Create protocols for culturing and maintaining Aphanomyces in the lab setting.
- Develop lab standardization and reliable standard soil and plant testing methods.
- Develop reliable lab and field-testing protocols to determine if genetic resistance is effective.
Mid-term Actions
- Identify interval periods, beneficial rotation crops, effective biocontrol agents, and preventative approaches at various pulse crop life cycle stages.
- Complete product testing and combinations of treatments to reduce spore loads in heavily infested soils, increasing the availability of control options.
Long-term Actions
- Develop an integrated approach to disease prevention and control.
- Conduct long-term crop rotation studies.
- Determine the impact of new chemistries and product testing, including biostimulants and foliar nutrition.
- Develop recommendations to improve soil health to provide pathogen suppression.
Breeding
Research Goal
Robust genetic resistance to root rot pathogens is available to growers.
Desired Outcomes
- Varieties of peas and lentils resist Aphanomyces and fusarium species and are commercially available.
- New sources of resistance for Aphanomyces and Fusarium and resistance across the whole pathogen complex are identified and developed.
- Integrated management strategies are available to protect the levels of resistance.
- Genomics of resistance is understood.
- Breeders have access to tools and genes for incorporating into germplasm.
- Dedicated field nurseries for root rot diseases are established within Western Canada.
Short-term Actions
- Establish reliable disease nurseries in multiple locations/environments with irrigation for continued root rot research with accurate disease characterization.
Mid-term Actions
- Identify host signals that stimulate the germination of oospores.
- Determine cross-pathogenicity of Fusarium species, including F. graminearum.
- Investigate moisture conditions and interaction between soil and landscape dynamics, hydrology, and disease.
Long-term Actions
- Determine host-pathogen interactions; identify virulence factors and pathogen effectors.
- Investigate the impact of root microbiome, soil microbiome, and crop rotation on root rot disease.
- Develop capacity to study host-pathogen interactions with knockouts (e.g. via genome editing).
- Develop benchmarks for microbiome communities/organisms that impact root health and translate into risk assessment and producer recommendations.
Root Rot Diseases/Pathology
Research Goal
The root rot pathogens’ biology, pathogenicity, and interactions are understood for pulses.
Desired Outcomes
- The structure of populations is known and monitored regularly.
- Hosts are known for pathogenicity.
- The biology and life cycle of the pathogen(s) are documented.
- Understand the influence of the environment (soil, moisture, soil microbiome) on pathogen(s).
- Interaction of the root rot species is understood.
Short-term Actions
- None identified.
Mid-term Actions
- Conduct resistance stability analysis on new pea and lentil varieties.
- Identify molecular markers for resistance.
- Develop partially resistant cultivars, novel germplasm, and resistance development.
- Adapt resistance sources from other programs into North American breeding programs.
Long-term Actions
- Identify new sources of resistance for Aphanomyces & Fusarium and resistance across the whole pathogen complex.
- Develop new genetic resources for resistance (i.e., large-scale or targeted mutagenesis).
- Develop capacity for genetic transformation and genome editing to exploit technologies for gene validation and potential variety development.
- Augment pea and lentil plant’s innate immune response.
- Develop new resistant cultivars.
Funding
Funding mechanisms are established for root rots that are collaborative, coordinated, and accessible.
Process
Funding Goal
Reliable funding capacity and a streamlined process for research selection are established.
Desired Outcome
- A co-funded resource pool is created and leveraged to drive root rot projects.
- Process for applications and decisions are established.
Action Plan
- Establish a co-funded resource pool for root rot projects across APG, SPG, and MPSG.
- Develop and establish a logistical process for simultaneously submitting collaborative and combined project funding submissions from researchers to APG, SPG, and MPSG.
Capacity
Funding Goal
Human, capital, or monetary resource limitations do not hinder the advancement of root rot research.
Desired Outcomes
- Increased capacity for root rot research.
- Extended funding is established for projects that require long-term research.
Action Plan
- Collaborate and share research initiatives and projects between APG, SPG, and MPSG to coordinate leveraging funding and research scope, scale, and deliverables.
- Establish long-term field studies and research projects funded by all three pulse commodity groups with secured funding to focus on collaborative root rot research.
Communications
Collaborative
Communications Goals
Cohesive development, coordinated recommendations updates, and root rot extension across provinces and disciplines for research selection are established.
Desired Outcomes
- Unified and consistent messaging on root rot recommendations.
- One-stop shop for root rot information by establishing a website.
- A research library is available that contains all relevant reports and summaries on root rots.
- The Pulse Root Rot Network of stakeholders effectively mobilizes efforts to eradicate the risk of root rots.
Action Plan
- Review root rot-associated content from APG, SPG, and MPSG and collate it into one collaborative version. Determine one agreed-upon version of all root rot recommendations, scouting techniques, seed, soil, and plant testing methods, diagnosis, and management tools for Western Canadian pulse growers.
- Develop and launch the RootRot.ca website, including an updated rootrot.ca website with tools, resources, a research database, a search engine, and networking functionality.
- Collaborative working agreement with APG, SPG, and MPSG to continue updating rootrot.ca, communicating research results and initiatives at grower and industry events, and funding research initiatives and projects to eradicate root rot in Western Canada.
- Expand to other pulse crops beyond peas and lentils. Include Eastern Canadian commodity groups and the Northern United States (U.S.).
- Support network development and collaboration across North America and globally.
Leadership
Communications Goals
Establish a reputation for gold-standard processes in root rot research and extension.
Desired Outcomes
- Increased capacity for root rot research.
- Extended funding is established for projects that require long-term research.
Action Plan
- Establish a PRRN of researchers and partners with a platform for communication across stakeholder groups.
- Present PRRN work, Rootrot.ca and ongoing research updates at grower events, industry meetings, conferences, etc.